CONCLUSION
This paper has shown that – in contrast to the common belief – everyday computer users employing self-taught typing techniques can perform at similar speeds to touch typists.
Я долго пытался найти, а сколько людей из группы получили формальную тренировку в слепом десятипальцевом печатании. НИСКОЛЬКО! Это исследование проходило с участием людей, НЕ ПРОХОДИВШИХ формальную тренировку в этом навыке. Т.е. сравнение эффективности идёт либо с предыдущими исследованиями, либо с чем-то высосанным из пальца.
Our investigation of this finding suggests that more important than the number of fingers is the organisation of motor behavior.
Fast non-touch typists have an unambiguous division of labour among the fingers.
Разумеется, такая организация двигательного поведения, где меньше энтропии (термин используется этими исследователями) будет более эффективной, нежели чем та, в которой у пальцев нет четкой базовой позиции для пальцев, откуда они стартуют и куда возвращаются, следовательно, трудно выработать автоматическое попадание в нужную клавишу без визуальных проверок.
This may minimise uncertainty over which finger presses which key, reducing the need for visual attention and choice. Fast non-touch typists also move their hands and fingers more actively in preparation for upcoming key presses.
И я об этом писал чуть выше. Когда все пальцы на стартовой позиции, и знают, как из нее напечатать любую букву, нет нужды лишний раз смотреть на клавиатуру.
Most intriguingly, they may be able to obtain this motor behavior without engaging in a systematic training regime.
Такие печатальщики вырабатывают свои паттерны движения рук над клавиатурой. Конечно, если есть и необходима ежедневная практика. Я и сам каждый день наблюдаю в своей отрасли менеджеров, которые общаются в мессенджерах достаточно быстро, не получив никакой формальной тренировки. Но они делают больше ошибок, это раз. Они печатают медленнее, это два. Их двигательные паттерны не так экономичны, как в случае с центрированной базовой позицией ASDF-JKL; это три.
Many of the fastest typists we observed had no formal training in typing.
Представляю, как бы удивились эти исследователи, понаблюдав бы за хотя бы средне-быстрыми десятипальцевыми печатальщиками.
Instead, their input strategies have evolved with the various tasks they perform, such as gaming, chatting, or programming.
Не знаю, как игрушки, но переписка и программирование определенно способствуют скоростной печати через освоение "аккордов" - базовых блоков движений пальцев по клавишам на основании часто используемых в русском языке сочетаний букв.
These observations call for more research to revise our understanding of the motor and perceptual aspects of everyday typing.
Я бы заменил слово "обыденная" (everyday) на "нетренированная".
Авторы совершенно верно призывают к изучению аспекта восприятия (и вдобавок - обработки этого восприятия) в стратегии быстрой печати. Потому что, они сами это признают, они концентрировались лишь на наблюдаемых признаках скоростной печати.
1. Первым делом, хотелось бы знать, какой именно контент все эти люди воплощали в печати:
- свой собственный выдуманный \ выдумываемый на ходу;
- перепечатка текста со страницы (визуальный источник)
- перепечатка текста со слуха (аудиальный источник).
В оригинале исследования на экране появлялось предложение \ набор слов, и уже их люди печатали на клавиатуре: http://userinterfaces.aalto.fi/how-we-type/resources/HowWeType_CHI16.pdf
2. Естественно, на скорость набора текста будут влиять установившиеся и освоенные стратегии. Три основных разновидности печати я обозначил в абзаце выше. В любой из этих стратегий я бы выделил четыре крупных элемента:
А. Источник информации - по каким сенсорным системам нам приходит информация о том, ЧТО именно нам печатать на клавиатуре.
Б. Объём кванта исходной информации и период его предъявления восприятию человека. Это не так актуально, когда надо перепечатать рукописный или набранный текст (к тому же, если никто не ограничивает время на перепечатку одной страницы). Куда сложнее, когда приходится печатать текст с речи говорящего человека, и нет возможности попросить его повторить.
В. Количество и типы тестов в стратегии.
В1. Я бы назвал это визуально-инструментальный тест (куда жать?).
Здесь обучавшийся слепому десятипальцевому методу будет иметь преимущество - ему не нужно смотреть на клавиатуру, т.к.: 1) его руки и пальцы всегда в стартовой позиции, в которую они и возвращаются; 2). он знает каким пальцем нужно сделать движение в какую сторону, чтобы напечатать нужную букву; следовательно - его большое преимущество состоит в том, что ему не нужно смотреть на клавиатуру, чтобы напечатать нужный символ. К этому "удивительному" выводу и пришли финнские учёные:
...fast typists have learned to keep their hands fixed on one position, instead of moving them over the keyboard, and more consistently use the same finger to type a certain letter.
... they found that untrained typists spent about twice as much time looking at their fingers instead of the screen, which can affect speed in complex editing tasks, often done on computers.
В2. Визуальный тест.
Смотрим на монитор, и когда появляется ошибка, мы этот тест не проходим и (скорее всего) её исправляем. Ошибка эта чаще всего не только проявляется в визуальной системе, но и, если человек учился по программе типа "Соло на клавиатуре", "VerseQ", "Stamina", сопровождается кинестетикой. Потому что в этих программах после ошибки следовал не самый приятный звук да и "репрессии" со стороны программы.
В3. Кинестетический тест.
Не путать с предыдущим. Чисто кинестетический тест мы не проходим, когда, не глядя на монитор, способны определить по ощущениям от движения, что нажали не на ту клавишу или не в той последовательности нажали на несколько клавиш. Я считаю, что этот тест вырабатывается позже всех остальных, и его непосредственная предпосылка - умение набирать вслепую и старт пальцев с базовой позиции.
В идеале все эти тесты должны проводиться бессознательно, чтобы сознательное внимание, не тормозило процесс печатания.
Мозг в инвариантном мире – инварианты мира в мозгу
metanymous в посте Metapractice (оригинал в ЖЖ)
Тема этой статьи выходит за переделы антропологических дискуссий о природе человека и затрагивает кардинальные принципы функционирования сложнейшей из всех сложных систем — нейронной сети. Речь идет о степени личной независимости от физиологических (если не физико-химических) процессов, детерминированности поведения свойствами мозга и даже генетикой, когда нельзя избежать вопроса о свободе воли как самой сети (может ли она вести себя иначе?), так и субъекта. Последнее имеет принципиальное значение для любых дискуссий о специфике человека и его отличиях от «зомби» или иных виртуальных или реальных систем, претендующих на обладание человеческими способностями.
Мозг в инвариантном мире и всё те же инварианты мира в мозгу.
Свобо́да во́ли (греч. τὸ αὐτεξούσιον или τὸ ἐφ᾽ ἡμῖν; лат. liberum arbitrium) — это возможность человека делать выбор вне зависимости от определённых обстоятельств. В философии с давних пор ведётся спор о существовании свободы воли, её определении и природе. Существуют две противоположные позиции: метафизический либертарианизм — утверждение, что детерминизм неверен и, таким образом, свобода воли существует или по меньшей мере возможна, и жёсткий детерминизм — утверждение о том, что детерминизм верен и свободы воли не существует.
Обе эти позиции, если они утверждают, что детерминизм несовместим со свободой воли, классифицируются как инкомпатибилистские (англ. incompatibilism). Если же роль детерминизма в этом вопросе отрицается, то такие позиции называются компатибилистскими.
Принцип свободы воли имеет следствия в религии, этике и науке. К примеру, в религии свобода воли подразумевает, что желания и выбор человека могут сосуществовать с божественным всеведением. В этике существование свободы воли определяет моральную ответственность людей за свои действия. В науке изучение свободы воли может выявить способы прогнозирования человеческого поведения.
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8
Так что «свобода воли» возможна только в рамках, в широком смысле, инвариантной структуры окружающего мира:
Гибсоновское моделирование (4)
http://metapractice.livejournal.com/478805.html
http://metapractice.livejournal.com/452423.html
https://yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&site=http%3A%2F%2Fmetapractice.livejournal.com%2F®ion_name=&rstr=&zone=all&wordforms=all&within=0&from_date_full=&to_date_full=20.08.2016&from_day=&from_month=&from_year=&to_day=20&to_month=8&to_year=2016&numdoc=50&lr=65&redircnt=1471709492.1
Conclusion:
It is my belief that NLP is a living, evolving discipline. The co-founders of NLP continue to develop their own techniques as do the those that I admire most in the field, such as Tony Robbins and John Overdurf. The moment we say “NLP is this and only this, so that is not NLP”, we remove the creative spark, the ‘attitude of wanton experimentation’ that created NLP in the first place.
--That is chunking way up from “The swish is this and only this” which was my focus. Knowing how to do a swish correctly doesn’t prevent anyone from “wanton experimentation.” Neither does it prevent someone from proposing a new pattern, or a change in how the swish is done. But none of those is a swish, any more than a rabbit is a robin.
The moment we say “the swish is this and only this, so that is not a swish” we limit our ability to ‘dance’ with the client, and the dance is where we find the magic of change.
--That is not a logical conclusion. You can dance with a client all you want to, or experiment wantonly all day long. But if you are communicating with someone else, and you say you did a swish, it would be nice to know that you both agree about what that means. If you order a chocolate cake from a bakery, you probably would expect that it had chocolate in it (not carob!).
Please do study other practitioners who are courageous enough to post their material publicly. Notice what they do well and absorb that. Notice the mistakes they make and avoid them. Focus on the true aim of this wonderful art, which is becoming more of the person you were born to be.
--That is all well and good, but how does the average person “Notice what they do well and absorb that. Notice the mistakes they make and avoid them”? I may be a much slower learner than most, but I needed a lot of examples of both good and bad pointed out to me, along with some rationale for why something was useful or not useful. Sometimes learning what is a mistake is far more important than what to do correctly.
--People often learn most easily from contrast — red looks much redder when it is next to green, for instance. Contrasting what to do with what to avoid clarifies both. That is why I wrote my original post, and why I have taken the time to respond to Shawn’s post. I hope this exchange of understandings has been useful, or at least identified interesting questions to be explored further.
Again, thanks to Shawn for his thoughtful post.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdLlgQGGvbo
This is a demo from a seminar. Again, for me it’s a very clean demo of the Coaching Pattern rather than a swish. Terry doesn’t use a trigger picture or an outcome (self-image) picture, but rather attaches the client’s (Rachael) resource state to the ‘trigger’ by ‘stealing anchors’.
Terry discusses the importance of attaching the resource precisely at the trigger point, rather than when the client has already dropped into their negative state. He gives a good demo of rewinding the client’s story, although for me he did not actually identify the trigger point (meaning an external event that lets Rachael know it’s time for her to book her train and hotel). The trigger becomes ‘six o’clock’, rather than “I look at my watch and realize it’s six o’clock”.
Terry does give a good demonstration of ‘stealing anchors’ by mirroring Rachael’s physiology in her resource state. It’s worth watching this demo for that alone.
Keith Livingston – hypnosis101.com
http://www.hypnosis101.com/nlp/submodalities/kinesthetic-swish/
This is a very short (2.40) description of the swish. As such it is a brief overview and will not add much to your understanding of the swish, if you have watched all the other videos so far.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNSWDGqCMlE
This video contains one real gem of information. Unfortunately it is skipped over so fast it’s easy to miss. It’s this: for procrastination, one of the most powerful resource states you can bring to your client is the feeling of completion. Nobody likes doing their taxes (or their homework as in this case), but we all enjoy the feeling of having mailed our tax return off to the IRS and knowing we are done till next year.
--I can easily agree with all that — changing the scope of time to elicit a useful state. Another key piece is to be able to chunk down the task into small enough pieces, and to have that good feeling of completion after each chunk is done, so that there are motivating rewards all along the way. If they only get the good feeling at the end of the entire task, it won’t work nearly as well.
This feeling of completion creates the new self-image of being a person who ‘gets things done’ so that you can enjoy the feeling of being free.
This is all ways a great starting point when using the swish for overcoming procrastination strategies.
--The nice feeling of completion is great, but it doesn’t necessarily result in a change in identity. It can remain simply a useful learned behavior unless the client generalizes to “I’m someone who can get things done.” All of us have behaviors (both good and bad) that are not part of our identity. A client may use a change in behavior to conclude that they now have a different identity, but you can’t depend on it. If you assume that will happen, you (and your client) will often be disappointed. For how to work with many different aspects of self-concept, see my book, Transforming Your Self.
Ved Prakash – Programyourmind.org
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFhVMLnJs9g
I have to say the Caribbean or maybe Pacific background music does not add value to the quality of this video! I was unable to watch the whole thing, sorry Ved!
https://youtu.be/RJDAA-86os4
To me, this is more like a cross between a swish and the Coaching Pattern, because the new image is associated. Pip uses submodalities to boost Louise’s resource state. I would have liked to have seen more of a ‘pop’ in Louise’s state, although this may have been because the demo was more ‘staged’ than the typical demo in a seminar where the client brings a bigger issue.
It’s a nice demo of using submodalities within an NLP pattern (although not a typical swish pattern).
George Hutton – Mind Persuasion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6s97Dacdzg
This is not a demo, but rather a ‘hypnotic product’. George sets anchors for positive and negative states using blue and red circles, and then ‘swishes’ by changing the size of the circles. It’s a cute video (and has lots of fun state breakers). It will not teach you the swish but if you run through the video with a problem in mind you may find yourself getting some change! Enjoy!
https://youtu.be/u9haD3Qb7gQ
Again Mel does not claim to be an NLP trainer, so it’s perhaps a little unfair to judge the video according to some strict standard of whether the pattern is a swish or not, or the fact that Mel does indeed appear to be consulting his notes as he speaks. Mel’s focus is clearly to get change for the client (which he appears to do).
This video is a pretty good straightforward demo of the swish with a nicely responsive client. Watch it for a nice, simple, clean demo of the swish.
--No, whether good or bad, effective or not, it is not a demo of the swish; what he did was quite different from what Bandler described as a swish in detail some 30 years ago.
--The one point I found interesting was that Mel used the image the client provided and chunked up on that, “what will that do for you, and what will that do…” He went as far as values (“make more money, grow your business” – Mel is after all an ‘entrepreneur’s coach’), rather than identity, but it’s a nice approach to get a new self-identity from a client who otherwise has difficulty finding that new self-identity.
--“Make more money, grow your business” are both goals, not identity, and not even behaviors that would result in achieving the goals.
Jevon Dangeli
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je-2DURoanA
This is a very rich demonstration with lots of great learning points. I’ll point out a few of these:
Utilization: at an early point in the demo there is the sound of construction, an electric drill or saw, from outside the seminar room. Jevon utilizes this by commenting, ”we are cutting through already!”
Jevon elicits a nice ‘clean language’ metaphor for the problem behavior, a ‘machine gun’ (although he doesn’t utilize it further in the demo).
Jevon associates the client (Rene) into the problem state and calibrates Rene’s physiology nicely (so he can test his change later on).
After associating Rene into the problem state, Jevon breaks state nicely by first ‘wiping’ away the internal image, then re-associating Rene back into ‘now’ by getting her to focus on the light coming into the room through the leaves of the trees outside. He uses this break state several times through the demo.
Jevon elicits a ‘last time and place’ trigger very nicely (the look in the other person’s eyes; 11.40 through 13.00). Those familiar with John Overdurf’s work will recognize this as the first step in the Meta pattern. This is not surprising as Jevon is an HNLP coach.
Jevon first finds the client’s desired state, and uses this state to elicit an image. This presupposes (correctly) that if the feeling elicits the picture, then seeing the picture will elicit the feeling. At the end of the day, in my opinion the swish relies on the ‘end state energy’ feeling associated with the new self-image.
--That is what results from keeping the desired self-image dissociated. If the client associates into the self-image deliberately, the motivation to become it is lost.
Jevon gently challenges Rene’s change using Overdurf’s ‘testing loop’ (“Are you sure…”). When the client responds with “90% sure”, Jevon utilizes the Ericksonian technique (‘90%? Not 91% or 89%?’).
In the Q&A Jevon gives a good explanation of the positioning of chairs (or relative position of client and coach) for the swish.
One issue with the demo is (as in the last video), the swish might not be the best NLP pattern to use in Rene’s context. I say this because Rene had a workable strategy (the ‘machine gun’ strategy) for dealing with the problem. Simply changing the state does not necessarily offer the client a new strategy that will necessarily work to give her the desired outcome. To complete the change, Jevon might have used e.g. a strategy installation, to make sure the client had a new strategy.
--I can agree with this. However Shawn’s “Meta-pattern” described earlier “state-based coaching” states that a resource state is all that is needed, and doesn’t say anything about strategies.
Of course, he might have done some additional work later in the course that we didn’t see. In any case Rene’s post course feedback indicates that the change was effective.
For those still uncertain as to the difference between the swish and the map-across, there is also an interesting discussion between a couple of the students in the audience.
Anthony Beardsell
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DyRfpod2fxw
For me this technique was more like a ‘double map across’ (such as is used in the NLP Belief Change) than a swish. But what the heck, who’s splitting hairs now!
I enjoyed this video because it shows a really important principle, namely that change arises primarily from the rapport between coach and client. Rapport is much more important than ‘following steps’. Anthony creates very nice rapport with Michelle and she gets her change quickly and easily as a result.
--I can easily agree with all that, but what he did was not a swish, and it was not generative.
David Shepard – The Performance Partnership
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b15h9F_Yfrc
The great thing about this video is that you can see how the coach enters into the dance with the client. As Steve Andreas notes, the client responds with several problems throughout the pattern. The coach responds to each with an elegant reframe, for example using submodalities, meaning reframes and hypnotic suggestions. The end result of the intervention appears to be extremely positive for the subject.
Steve Andreas does raise some excellent issues regarding the video which, I believe, come from the fact that driving a motorbike round a tight bend on a race-track is primarily a kinesthetic experience, while the swish is primarily a visual pattern. Perhaps this demo would have been better using a different NLP pattern?
--Perhaps. But the swish can also work fine if done appropriately; the desired self-image would be someone with exquisite kinesthetic sensitivity and balance — far better than a dissociated image, or the delusion that the motorbike is actually on rails, so it can’t possibly slide. This is another example of expanding the frame to find out how well a specific behavioral outcome will work in the real world. In this case, the answer is that it would likely be catastrophic. The client would happily make an image of himself going around the turn fast “on rails” and have a nasty crash — and no one would realize that it resulted from an incompetent NLP intervention!
The video does not show the ‘demo selection process’ that preceded the demo, but in an ideal world I might have saved this problem to demo a more kinesthetic pattern, such as Bandler’s ‘backward spin’. At the end of the day, the change appeared to come more from the client’s feeling of ‘being on rails’ than the change in the (visual) picture.
In any case, this demonstrates the adage than any NLP Pattern can be used to address any problem,
--Another universal statement that I strongly disagree with. If you use the phobia cure on grief (or the grief resolution process on a phobia) it will not work, because a phobia has a structure that is the opposite of grief.
assuming rapport between the coach and client, and the coach’s ability to ‘dance’. Again David Shepard’s rapport with the client is excellent, as is his dancing!
Дочитали до конца.