B. Other Useful Transformational Work

(1) Bever, T. G. "The Cognitive Basis of Linguistic Structure." In J. Hayes (ed.), Cognition and the Developments of Language. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1970.
An excellent account of how language as a representational system might be connected to general modeling abilities of human beings - especially the way that children develop these abilities.

(2) Fillmore, C. "The Case for Case." In E. Bach and R. Harms (eds.), Universals in Linguistic Theory. New Y ork: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968.
A readable account of a somewhat different version of the transformational model - useful suggestions about what a complete representation of reference structure might be.

(3) Greene, G. "How to Get People to Do Things With Words." In Papers from the 8th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago, III.: University of Chicago, 1970.
An excellent example of the Generative Semantics approach which we feel will contribute much to an enlarged Meta-model for therapy.

(4) Grinder, J . On Deletion Phenomena in English. The Hague: Mouton, 1974.
Very technical; useful for discussion of different types of deletion. See Chapters 1,2, and 3. Gruber, J. "Studies in Lexical Relations." Unpublished doctoral dissertation, MIT, 1965. Excellent suggestion for a complete representation of reference structures.

(5) Horn, L. "A Presuppositional Analysis of Only and Even." In Papers from the 5th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago, 1969.
Another fine example of the Generative Semantics type of research which we feel will contribute to an enlarged Meta-model for therapy.

(6) Kartunnen, L. "Remarks on Presuppositions." At the Texas Conference on Performances, Conversational Implicature and Presuppositions, mimeograph, March 1973.
Kartunnen has a series of incisive papers on presuppositional phenomena in English. We suggest you write to him directly at the University of Texas for copies.

(7) Katz, J. Semantic Theory. New York: Harper and Row, 1972.
A most up-to-date account of the kind of semantic theory most compatible with non-Generative Semantics transformational grammar.

I. Transformational Grammar
A. Basic References

(1) Bach, E. Syntactic Theory. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1974.
A carefully presented overview of syntax as done by transformationalists. Chomsky, N. Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton, 1957. The book whicp established the transformational model in linguistics; the style Chomsky uses is difficult for many readers. The portions of the book most connected with the Meta-model are the Preface; Chapters 2, 3,5,6, 8; and the Summary.

(2) Chomsky, N. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, Mass.: M IT Press, 1965.
This i s one of the most accessible descriptions of the linguistic model from which we have borrowed heavily. Again, some readers find the author's style difficult. We especially recommend Chapters 1 and 2.

(3) Chomsky, N. Language and Mind. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1968.
Four lectures which Chomsky gave as a visiting professor at Berkeley; less technical than his other two works we list.

(4) Grinder, J., and Elgin, S. A Guide to Transformational Grammar. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973.
A very comprehensive overview of the entire field of transformational grammar; includes summaries of, and commentaries on, Chomsky's Syntactic Structures and Aspects. See especially Chapters 1, 2,4,5,6, 7, 8, 10, and 13.

(5) Jacobs, R., and Rosenbaum, P. English Transformational Grammar. Waltham, Mass.: Ginn/Blaisdell, 1968.
A very readable work as an introduction to the field; not particularly comprehensive.

(6) Langac ke r, R. Language and Its Structure. New Y ork : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1967.
A readable introduction which treats language both by the transformational model and more generally.

(7) Lyons, J. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
A scholarly work which presents an overview of language in general; includes a section on the transformational model.

Спасибо!

III. Modeling/Formal Systems/Epistemo1ogy
Ashby, W. R. An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman
and Hall, Ltd., and University Paperbacks, 1956. An
excellent introduction to modelings and representational
systems; requires some mathematical background;
worth working through carefully.
Bateson, G. Steps to an Ecology of Mind. New York:
Ballantine Books, 1972. We recommend this book
highly; it is a collection of Bateson's work. Very entertaining;
simultaneously irrelevant and profound.
Boyd, D. lntroduction to Systems Analysis, (in press)
1975. A highly readable, clear presentation of
modeling; emphasizes process.
Carnap, R. The Logical Syntax of Language. Totowa, New
jersey: Littlefield, Adams and Company, 1959. A formal,
sophisticated approach to linguistic analysis. A
highly technical piece of work; difficult to read.
Copi, I. lntroduction to Logic. New York: Macmillan,
1961. An excellent introductory text to logical
systems.
Herzberger, H. "The Logical Consistency of Language."
Hatvard Educational Review, 35:469-480; 1965. An
example of a clear philosophical analysis o f one of the
formal properties of the human representational
system of language.
Hume, D. Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Oxford,
England: Oxford University Press. A classical
essay on epistemology, the process of human
modeling.
Korzybski, A. Science and Sanity. Lakeville, Connecticut:
The International Non-Aristotelian Library Publishing
Company, 4th Edition, 1933. The basic reference work
for general semantics. Korzybski understood and discussed
clearly the map/territory, intentionall
extensional distinctions,. . . in human modeling. Read
the Prefaces, Part I, and Part I I.
Miller, G. A.; Galanter, E.; and Pribram, K. Plans and the
Structure of Behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart and
Winston, Inc., 1960. One of the clearest presentations
of a theoretical basis for human behavior; suggestions
for a representational system for reference structures;
easy and enjoyable reading.
Newell, A.; and Simon, H. A. Human Problem Solving.
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 19.71. An
exciting excursion into the neurological basis for
human modeling. A clear presentation.
Russel I, B. lntroduction to Mathematical Philosophy. London,
England: George Allen and Unwin, Ltd., 2nd
Edition, 1921. A readable, clear presentation of some
of the more important concepts of modern logic, including
theory of logical types.
Schank, R.; and Colby, K. Computer Models of Thought
and Language. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and
Company. 1973. A good, representative collection of modeling as done in computer simulations.
Tarski, A. Introduction to Logic. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1941. An excellent introduction to logical
systems, a very readable style, no background
required.
Vaihinger, H. The Philosophy of "As If" London,
England: Routledge, Kegan and Paul, Ltd., 1924. An
excellent source for discussions of human modeling. F.
Perk claimed Vaihinger supplied the philosophical
foundations for his Gestalt therapy.
Watzlawick, P.; Beavin, J.; and Jackson, D. Pragmatics of
Human Communication. New York: W. W. Norton and
Company, 1967. A very readable, clear presentation of
some of the basic ideas of communication with connections
to systems analysis.

II. Therapy
Jackson, D. D. Communication, Family and Marriage. Palo
Alto: Science and Behavior Books, 1968. An excellent
anthology containing the papers o f the MRIIBateson
research group.
J ac kson, D. D. Therapy, Communication and Change. Palo
Alto: Science and Behavior Books, 1968. An excellent
anthology containing the papers of the MRI/Bateson
research group.
Haley, J. Advanced Techniques of Hypnosis and Therapy:
Selected Papers of Milton H. Erickson, M.D. New
York: Grune and Stratton, 1967. An incredible collection
o f papers describing the powerful techniques of
Milton Erickson.
Haley, J. Uncommon Therapy. New York: Grune and
Stratton, 1968. A valuable statement of Erickson's
powerful work with an interesting commentary by Jay
Haley.
Perk, F. The Gestalt Approach: Eyewitness to Therapy.
Palo Alto: Science and Behavior Books, 1973. A clear
presentation of Gestalt therapy theoretical
foundations.
Polster, I. and M. Gestalt Therapy Integrated. New York:
Bruner/Mazel, 1973. A useful presentation o f some o f
the techniques of Gestalt therapy.
Satir, V. Conjoint Family Therapy. Palo Alto: Science and
Behavior Books, 1964. A basic and most useful text on
family therapy.
Satir, V. Peoplemaking. Palo Alto: Science and Behavior
Books, 1972. An excellent and highly readable intro- - - - -
duction to communications and therapy.
Watzlawick, P.; Beavin, J.; and Jackson, D. Pragmatics of
Human Communications. New York: W. Norton,
1967. A highly readable presentation of Bateson's
ideas (e.g., meta-communication).
Watzlawick, P.; Weakland, J.; and Fisch, R. Change. New
York: W. Norton, 1974. An interesting attempt to
integrate mathematical models with patterns of human
change.

B. Other Useful Transformational Work
Bever, T. G. "The Cognitive Basis of Linguistic Structure."
In J. Hayes (ed.), Cognition and the Developments of
Language. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1970. An
excellent account of how language as a representational
system might be connected to general modeling
abilities of human beings - especially the way that
children develop these abilities.
Fillmore, C. "The Case for Case." In E. Bach and R. Harms
(eds.), Universals in Linguistic Theory. New Y ork:
Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968. A readable account
of a somewhat different version of the transformational
model - useful suggestions about what a complete
representation of reference structure might be.
Greene, G. "How to Get People to Do Things With
Words." In Papers from the 8th Regional Meeting of
the Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago, I I I.: U n iversity
of Chicago, 1970. An excellent example of the
Generative Semantics approach which we f e e l will contribute
much to an enlarged Meta-model for therapy.
Grinder, J . On Deletion Phenomena in English. The Hague:
Mouton, 1974. Very technical; useful for discussion of
different types of deletion. See Chapters 1,2, and 3.
Gruber, J. "Studies in Lexical Relations." Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, MIT, 1965. Excellent suggestion
for a complete representation of reference structures.
Horn, L. "A Presuppositional Analysis of Only and Even."
In Papers from the 5th Regional Meeting of the
Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago, Ill.: University of
Chicago, 1969. Another fine example of the Generative
Semantics type of research which we feel will contribute
to an enlarged Meta-model for therapy.
Kartunnen, L. "Remarks on Presuppositions." At the
Texas Conference on Performances, Conversational
Implicature and Presuppositions, mimeograph, March
1973. Kartunnen has a series of incisive papers on
presuppositional phenomena in English. We suggest
you write to him directly at the University of Texas
for copies.
Katz, J. Semantic Theory. New York: Harper and Row,
1972. A most up-to-date account of the kind of semantic
theory most compatible with non-Generative
Semantics transformational grammar.
Lakoff, G. Linguistics and Natural Logic. Ann Arbor,
Mich.: University of Michigan, 1970. A valuable compendium
of some of the more recent work in Genera-
tive Semantics by i t s most prolific spokesperson. G.
Lakoff is presently at the University of California,
Berkeley.
McCawley, J. "Lexical Insertion in a Transformational
Grammar." I n Papers from the 4th Regional Meeting
of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago, Ill.: U niversity
of Chicago, 1968. One of the initial articles establishing
Generative Semantics; good suggestions about
the representation of reference structures.
Postal, P. "On the Derivation of Pseudo-Adjectives." Paper
delivered to the 44th Annual Meeting of the LSA,
1969.
Postal, P. "On the Surface Verb Remind." In Linguistic
Inquiry, 7; 1 :37-120. Postal's work is highly theoretical;
the first reference has excellent examples o f the
patterns of derivation as Deep Structure Predicates are
mapped into Surface Structure Adjectives. The second
reference is very useful in making suggestions about
the representation of reference structures.
Ross, J. R. "On Declarative Sentences." I n R. Jacobs and
P. Rosen bau m, Readings in English Transformational
Grammar. Waltham, Mass.: Ginn/Blaisdell, 1970. This
i s the linguistic basis for the section in Chapter 4 called
The Last Performative and an excellent example of
linguistic analysis.
Sapir, E. The Selected Writing of Edward Sapir. D. Mandelbaum
(ed.). University of California Press, Berkeley,
1963. One of the classical linguists who had a fine
sensitivity for modeling.
Searle, J. Speech Acts. Cambridge, England: Cambridge
University Press, 1969. A modern work in pragmatics
with the transformational model as a basis. Readable.
Whorf, B. "Grammatical Categories." In J . E. Carroll (ed.),
Language, Thought and Reality. New York: John
Wiley and Sons, 1956. Another classical linguist who
addressed the issue of the way language shapes
perception.

Bibliography

In this bibliography, our purpose is to provide references
which will allow you to pursue any interests of which you have
become aware in reading our book. We have divided the references
into three sections:
Section I.
Transformational Grammar
Section 11.
Therapy
Section Ill.
Modeling/Formal Systems/Epistemology
In each of these sections, we identify a small number of works
which we have found particularly useful in developing our own
models. The references given are not exhaustive, nor are they the
only places where the ideas they contain can be found. We hope
you enjoy your reading. If you know of other reference works
which you have found particularly clear and useful in your experience
in these areas, we would each appreciate hearing from you
about them. Finally, if you wish to pursue some idea or line of
thought or experience set off by our book and the bibliography i s
inadequate for your purposes, write to us and we will each try to
suggest references for you.
META-MODELS
c/o Science and Behavior Books, Inc.
P.O. Box 1 1457
Palo Alto, CA 94306

I. Transformational Grammar
A. Basic References
Bach, E. Syntactic Theory. New York: Holt, Rinehart and
Winston, Inc., 1974. A carefully presented overview of
syntax as done by transformationalists.
Chomsky, N. Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton,
1957. The book whicp established the transformational
model in linguistics; the style Chomsky uses is
difficult for many readers. The portions of the book
most connected with the Meta-model are the Preface;
Chapters 2, 3,5,6, 8; and the Summary.
Chomsky, N. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge,
Mass.: M IT Press, 1965. This i s one of the most accessible
descriptions of the linguistic model from which
we have borrowed heavily. Again, some readers find
the author's style difficult. We especially recommend
Chapters 1 and 2.
Chomsky, N. Language and Mind. New York: Harcourt
Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1968. Four lectures which
Chomsky gave as a visiting professor at Berkeley; less
technical than his other two works we list.
Grinder, J., and Elgin, S. A Guide to Transformational
Grammar. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,
1973. A very comprehensive overview of the entire
field of transformational grammar; includes summaries
of, and commentaries on, Chomsky's Syntactic Structures
and Aspects. See especially Chapters 1, 2,4,5,6,
7, 8, 10, and 13.
Jacobs, R., and Rosenbaum, P. English Transformational
Grammar. Waltham, Mass.: Ginn/Blaisdell, 1968. A
very readable work as an introduction to the field; not
particularly comprehensive.
Langac ke r, R. Language and Its Structure. New Y ork :
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1967. A readable
introduction which treats language both by the transformational
model and more generally.
Lyons, J. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge,
England: Cambridge University Press. A scholarly
work which presents an overview of language in
general; includes a section on the transformational
model.

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