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dmitry_thinker в посте Metapractice (оригинал в ЖЖ)

Это сноска-комментарий Хейли к той же статье. Она написана в 1976 году, специально для сборника Double Bind.
As Bateson rightly pointed out when he first read this history, to say that people "attempted to control" was not a way to describing two individuals relating to one another but was putting a "need" into them as individuals. All description implies motivation, and it was exasperatingly difficult to describe a system motivation when the system was made up of persons.
The issue of power and control was always a problem within the project. It seems to me that how much power one person would allow another to have over him was a central issue in human life. It was also a particular issue in our special fields of investigation - hypnosis, therapy, and processes within families, particularly the families of the mad. There was little or no research on power and control at that time, and in fact there seemed to be an avoidance of the subject. The moral issue whether one should or should not struggle for power seemed to introject itself into the study of the phenomenon.
I was trying at that time to shift from the observation of the individual to the observation of a system and to view a power struggle as a product of the needs of the system rather the needs of a person. I still prefer that view and am trying to clarify it. I think it is misleading to say that an individual has an inner need to control other people, just as I think it is naive to postulate an instinct of aggression. When we acknowledge that all learning creatures are compelled to organize (they cannot not organize, just as they cannot not communicate as Bateson pointed out many years ago) and that organization is hierarchical, then we must expect confusions in the hierarchy. At times conflicting levels of hierarchy will be defined, and at times the structure will be simply ambiguous. (For example, when a therapist assumes the posture of an expert and puts the patient in charge of what is to happen, the hierarchy is confused). When hierarchy is not cearly established, the creatures within it will struggle one another. An observer watching the action and thinking in terms of the individual as the unit can postulate a drive for power witin the person because he is not viewing the situation. I have found it most productive to postuate "needs" in the context individuals particpate in, and I was groping in that direcion at the time of the project.

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