III. Modeling/Formal Systems/Epistemo1ogy(1) Ashby, W. R. An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapmanand Hall, Ltd., and University Paperbacks, 1956.An excellent introduction to modelings and representational systems; requires some mathematical background; worth working through carefully.(2) Bateson, G. Steps to an Ecology of Mind. New York: Ballantine Books, 1972.We recommend this book highly; it is a collection of Bateson's work. Very entertaining; simultaneously irrelevant and profound.(3) Boyd, D. lntroduction to Systems Analysis, (in press)1975.A highly readable, clear presentation of modeling; emphasizes process.(4) Carnap, R. The Logical Syntax of Language. Totowa, New jersey: Littlefield, Adams and Company, 1959.A formal, sophisticated approach to linguistic analysis. A highly technical piece of work; difficult to read.(5) Copi, I. lntroduction to Logic. New York: Macmillan, 1961.An excellent introductory text to logical systems.(6) Herzberger, H. "The Logical Consistency of Language." Hatvard Educational Review, 35:469-480; 1965.An example of a clear philosophical analysis o f one of the formal properties of the human representational system of language.(7) Hume, D. Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.A classical essay on epistemology, the process of human modeling.(8) Korzybski, A. Science and Sanity. Lakeville, Connecticut: The International Non-Aristotelian Library Publishing Company, 4th Edition, 1933.The basic reference work for general semantics. Korzybski understood and discussed clearly the map/territory, intentionall extensional distinctions,. . . in human modeling. Read the Prefaces, Part I, and Part II.(9) Miller, G. A.; Galanter, E.; and Pribram, K. Plans and the Structure of Behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1960.One of the clearest presentations of a theoretical basis for human behavior; suggestions for a representational system for reference structures; easy and enjoyable reading.(10) Newell, A.; and Simon, H. A. Human Problem Solving. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 19.71.An exciting excursion into the neurological basis for human modeling. A clear presentation.(11) Russel I, B. lntroduction to Mathematical Philosophy. London, England: George Allen and Unwin, Ltd., 2nd Edition, 1921.A readable, clear presentation of some of the more important concepts of modern logic, including theory of logical types.(12) Schank, R.; and Colby, K. Computer Models of Thought and Language. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company. 1973.A good, representative collection of modeling as done in computer simulations.(13) Tarski, A. Introduction to Logic. New York: Oxford University Press, 1941.An excellent introduction to logical systems, a very readable style, no background required.(14) Vaihinger, H. The Philosophy of "As If" London, England: Routledge, Kegan and Paul, Ltd., 1924.An excellent source for discussions of human modeling. F. Perk claimed Vaihinger supplied the philosophical foundations for his Gestalt therapy.(15) Watzlawick, P.; Beavin, J.; and Jackson, D. Pragmatics of Human Communication. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1967.A very readable, clear presentation of some of the basic ideas of communication with connections to systems analysis.