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Часть 4 

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III. Modeling/Formal Systems/Epistemo1ogy
Ashby, W. R. An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman
and Hall, Ltd., and University Paperbacks, 1956. An
excellent introduction to modelings and representational
systems; requires some mathematical background;
worth working through carefully.
Bateson, G. Steps to an Ecology of Mind. New York:
Ballantine Books, 1972. We recommend this book
highly; it is a collection of Bateson's work. Very entertaining;
simultaneously irrelevant and profound.
Boyd, D. lntroduction to Systems Analysis, (in press)
1975. A highly readable, clear presentation of
modeling; emphasizes process.
Carnap, R. The Logical Syntax of Language. Totowa, New
jersey: Littlefield, Adams and Company, 1959. A formal,
sophisticated approach to linguistic analysis. A
highly technical piece of work; difficult to read.
Copi, I. lntroduction to Logic. New York: Macmillan,
1961. An excellent introductory text to logical
systems.
Herzberger, H. "The Logical Consistency of Language."
Hatvard Educational Review, 35:469-480; 1965. An
example of a clear philosophical analysis o f one of the
formal properties of the human representational
system of language.
Hume, D. Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Oxford,
England: Oxford University Press. A classical
essay on epistemology, the process of human
modeling.
Korzybski, A. Science and Sanity. Lakeville, Connecticut:
The International Non-Aristotelian Library Publishing
Company, 4th Edition, 1933. The basic reference work
for general semantics. Korzybski understood and discussed
clearly the map/territory, intentionall
extensional distinctions,. . . in human modeling. Read
the Prefaces, Part I, and Part I I.
Miller, G. A.; Galanter, E.; and Pribram, K. Plans and the
Structure of Behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart and
Winston, Inc., 1960. One of the clearest presentations
of a theoretical basis for human behavior; suggestions
for a representational system for reference structures;
easy and enjoyable reading.
Newell, A.; and Simon, H. A. Human Problem Solving.
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 19.71. An
exciting excursion into the neurological basis for
human modeling. A clear presentation.
Russel I, B. lntroduction to Mathematical Philosophy. London,
England: George Allen and Unwin, Ltd., 2nd
Edition, 1921. A readable, clear presentation of some
of the more important concepts of modern logic, including
theory of logical types.
Schank, R.; and Colby, K. Computer Models of Thought
and Language. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and
Company. 1973. A good, representative collection of modeling as done in computer simulations.
Tarski, A. Introduction to Logic. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1941. An excellent introduction to logical
systems, a very readable style, no background
required.
Vaihinger, H. The Philosophy of "As If" London,
England: Routledge, Kegan and Paul, Ltd., 1924. An
excellent source for discussions of human modeling. F.
Perk claimed Vaihinger supplied the philosophical
foundations for his Gestalt therapy.
Watzlawick, P.; Beavin, J.; and Jackson, D. Pragmatics of
Human Communication. New York: W. W. Norton and
Company, 1967. A very readable, clear presentation of
some of the basic ideas of communication with connections
to systems analysis.

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