III. Modeling/Formal Systems/Epistemo1ogy Ashby, W. R. An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman and Hall, Ltd., and University Paperbacks, 1956. An excellent introduction to modelings and representational systems; requires some mathematical background; worth working through carefully. Bateson, G. Steps to an Ecology of Mind. New York: Ballantine Books, 1972. We recommend this book highly; it is a collection of Bateson's work. Very entertaining; simultaneously irrelevant and profound. Boyd, D. lntroduction to Systems Analysis, (in press) 1975. A highly readable, clear presentation of modeling; emphasizes process. Carnap, R. The Logical Syntax of Language. Totowa, New jersey: Littlefield, Adams and Company, 1959. A formal, sophisticated approach to linguistic analysis. A highly technical piece of work; difficult to read. Copi, I. lntroduction to Logic. New York: Macmillan, 1961. An excellent introductory text to logical systems. Herzberger, H. "The Logical Consistency of Language." Hatvard Educational Review, 35:469-480; 1965. An example of a clear philosophical analysis o f one of the formal properties of the human representational system of language. Hume, D. Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. A classical essay on epistemology, the process of human modeling. Korzybski, A. Science and Sanity. Lakeville, Connecticut: The International Non-Aristotelian Library Publishing Company, 4th Edition, 1933. The basic reference work for general semantics. Korzybski understood and discussed clearly the map/territory, intentionall extensional distinctions,. . . in human modeling. Read the Prefaces, Part I, and Part I I. Miller, G. A.; Galanter, E.; and Pribram, K. Plans and the Structure of Behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1960. One of the clearest presentations of a theoretical basis for human behavior; suggestions for a representational system for reference structures; easy and enjoyable reading. Newell, A.; and Simon, H. A. Human Problem Solving. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 19.71. An exciting excursion into the neurological basis for human modeling. A clear presentation. Russel I, B. lntroduction to Mathematical Philosophy. London, England: George Allen and Unwin, Ltd., 2nd Edition, 1921. A readable, clear presentation of some of the more important concepts of modern logic, including theory of logical types. Schank, R.; and Colby, K. Computer Models of Thought and Language. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company. 1973. A good, representative collection of modeling as done in computer simulations. Tarski, A. Introduction to Logic. New York: Oxford University Press, 1941. An excellent introduction to logical systems, a very readable style, no background required. Vaihinger, H. The Philosophy of "As If" London, England: Routledge, Kegan and Paul, Ltd., 1924. An excellent source for discussions of human modeling. F. Perk claimed Vaihinger supplied the philosophical foundations for his Gestalt therapy. Watzlawick, P.; Beavin, J.; and Jackson, D. Pragmatics of Human Communication. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1967. A very readable, clear presentation of some of the basic ideas of communication with connections to systems analysis.
(1) Ashby, W. R. An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman and Hall, Ltd., and University Paperbacks, 1956. An excellent introduction to modelings and representational systems; requires some mathematical background; worth working through carefully.
(2) Bateson, G. Steps to an Ecology of Mind. New York: Ballantine Books, 1972. We recommend this book highly; it is a collection of Bateson's work. Very entertaining; simultaneously irrelevant and profound.
(3) Boyd, D. lntroduction to Systems Analysis, (in press) 1975. A highly readable, clear presentation of modeling; emphasizes process.
(4) Carnap, R. The Logical Syntax of Language. Totowa, New jersey: Littlefield, Adams and Company, 1959. A formal, sophisticated approach to linguistic analysis. A highly technical piece of work; difficult to read.
(5) Copi, I. lntroduction to Logic. New York: Macmillan, 1961. An excellent introductory text to logical systems.
(6) Herzberger, H. "The Logical Consistency of Language." Hatvard Educational Review, 35:469-480; 1965. An example of a clear philosophical analysis o f one of the formal properties of the human representational system of language.
(7) Hume, D. Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. A classical essay on epistemology, the process of human modeling.
(8) Korzybski, A. Science and Sanity. Lakeville, Connecticut: The International Non-Aristotelian Library Publishing Company, 4th Edition, 1933. The basic reference work for general semantics. Korzybski understood and discussed clearly the map/territory, intentionall extensional distinctions,. . . in human modeling. Read the Prefaces, Part I, and Part II.
(9) Miller, G. A.; Galanter, E.; and Pribram, K. Plans and the Structure of Behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1960. One of the clearest presentations of a theoretical basis for human behavior; suggestions for a representational system for reference structures; easy and enjoyable reading.
(10) Newell, A.; and Simon, H. A. Human Problem Solving. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 19.71. An exciting excursion into the neurological basis for human modeling. A clear presentation.
(11) Russel I, B. lntroduction to Mathematical Philosophy. London, England: George Allen and Unwin, Ltd., 2nd Edition, 1921. A readable, clear presentation of some of the more important concepts of modern logic, including theory of logical types.
(12) Schank, R.; and Colby, K. Computer Models of Thought and Language. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company. 1973. A good, representative collection of modeling as done in computer simulations.
(13) Tarski, A. Introduction to Logic. New York: Oxford University Press, 1941. An excellent introduction to logical systems, a very readable style, no background required.
(14) Vaihinger, H. The Philosophy of "As If" London, England: Routledge, Kegan and Paul, Ltd., 1924. An excellent source for discussions of human modeling. F. Perk claimed Vaihinger supplied the philosophical foundations for his Gestalt therapy.
(15) Watzlawick, P.; Beavin, J.; and Jackson, D. Pragmatics of Human Communication. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1967. A very readable, clear presentation of some of the basic ideas of communication with connections to systems analysis.