Калибровка а) делается, б) несознательно "на автомате" и в) всеми, а не только нэлперами

ailev 31 августа 2003, 07:59 в Openmeta (оригинал в ЖЖ)

Вот базовая модель Лефевра 1985г:

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The hypothesis of existence of the inner processor for generating fast reflexion can be described as follows (Lefebvre, 1985):

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(1) A person possesses an inner formal mechanism for modeling the self and others. This mechanism is universal and does not depend on the particular culture to which a person belongs.

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(2) The models of the self and other are reflexive; that is, these models may themselves contain models of the self and other, and so on.

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(3) The inner formal mechanism for modeling includes a computational process, which is automatic and does not depend on conscious will. This process predetermines a person's responses in a situation of choice between "good" and "bad", and it also generates his inner feelings, such as guilt and condemnation.

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(4) The models of the self and of the other also have this computational ability, which allows a person to model automatically his own and his partner's inner feelings, providing information that is unavailable to direct observation.

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Let us mention further that this human modeling mechanism is not a chain of verbal reasoning such as "I think that he thinks that I think," etc. Such chains are purely linguistic structures. In contrast, we are concerned with the direct computational modeling of the self and other which proceeds automatically and independently of inner speech (Lefebvre, 1985, pp.291-292.)

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Обратите внимание: в этом кусочке перечислены и вторая позиция, и независимость от лингвистического процессинга и внутреннего диалога, и феномен сознания, и @чувства, и главное -- способность моделировать поведение другого человека как врожденную нелингвистическую способность человека. Это 1985 год, когда нэлперы пытались разобраться, что это за такое -- Новый Код, и как нелингвистически может работать бессознательное (эксперименты, например, с субмодальностями ;)

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Экспериментальный прорыв у лефевровцев случился совсем недавно, в 1999г.:

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This hypothesis was published sixteen years ago as more than a methodological declaration. It contained a detailed description of a possible mechanism for cognitive computations; however, experimental evidence in its favor began to appear only recently. For example, Hughes and Cutting (1999) demonstrated that children's ability to reproduce other persons' inner domains operates automatically and does not depend on verbal development.

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Эти эксперименты фактически являются экспериментами, говорящими, что способности людей делать выборы не зависят от их воли, а люди являются этакими автоматами - эдакий бихевиоризм нового поколения:

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As an illustration we will consider an experiment described in Wegner and Wheatley (1999). Their subjects were asked to attempt to read the unconscious muscle movement of a participant confederate whose fingers were placed on top of their own on "yes" and "no" response keys. Then a subject heard a trivial question of the type, "Is the capital of the USA Washington, D.C.?". In reality, the confederate did not hear the questions and so his finger movements could not depend on their content. Nevertheless, the subjects pushed the correct button 87% of the times. In 63% of the cases they thought that they were acting according to their own will, and in 37% they believed that they felt a slight movement of the confederate's fingers. In commenting on this experiment the authors write: "They answered correctly, in other words, but did not have a strong sense of willfully having done so and instead thought the confederate had played a significant part. The pattern of findings across six experiments suggests that the correct answers are produced automatically." (Wegner & Wheatley, 1999, p.457.)

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Проблема только в одном: математики в этой теории явно больше, нежели психологии и гуманизма. Зато абсолютно формально выводятся даже категории Добра и Зла, описываются состояния вины и прочие психологические феномены, к тому же эта теория подтверждается многочисленными психологическими экспериментами.

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Мы не одиноки в наших наскоках на бессознательное моделирование человека человеком. Крайне рекомендую ознакомиться (ну, а формулы можно просто не читать ;) со свеженькой (2002г.) работой Лефевра -- http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00002760/