By Dr. Randi Fredricks, Ph.D.Long before Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing was called "EMDR," there were a number of eye movement trauma techniques that came out of research in the 1960s, particularly in relation to neuro linguistic programming (NLP).John Grinder, one of the founders of NLP, taught these techniques to an administrator who worked with him. The administrator was Francine Shapiro, a psychologist who then later claimed to have invented EMDR without reference to Grinder, or any other source for that matter.According to John Grinder in /The Whispering and the Wind Forum/: "Francine Shapiro worked (administration and sales) in the Santa Cruz offices of Grinder, Delozier and Associates in the 80's. She approached me one day and told me that a friend of hers from New York has been raped and she wanted to help her through this trauma and ensure that she exited cleanly and without scars. I told Francine to put her in resourceful state (anchored) and have her systematically move her eyes through the various accessing positions typical of the major representational systems (with the exception of the kinesthetic access). I suggested that she see, hear (but not feel) the events in question - obviously the kinesthetics were to remain resourceful (the anchored state) while she processed the event. She later reported that the work had been successful. You may imagine my surprise when I later learned that she had apparently turned these suggestions into a pattern presented in an extended training, with no reference to source, with a copyright and a rather rigorous set of documents essentially restricting anyone trained in this from offering it to the rest of the world."http://www.randifredricks.com/randi/art/emdr_nlp.cfmhttp://emdr-ru.livejournal.com/1510.html?thread=6374#t6374